Access and Availability in the Potato Food Chain. Case Study in Rural Communities of the Batallas Municipality-La Paz Department (Bolivia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35319/lajed.20210462Keywords:
Food security, access, availability, preferences, affordability, potatoes, agricultural productionAbstract
Malnutrition levels have reduced in the last decade in Bolivia, even though an important proportion of the rural population has high levels of vulnerability to food insecurity. These events are accompanied by a significant increase in agricultural food importations that imply a decrease in the production and commercialization of local peasant products. The purpose of this study is to characterize the potato value chain (production and commercialization) at family unit scale, in order to understand its influence on food security. A survey has been carried out based in social and cultural family context of the respondents (102 potato-producing families belonging to 5 communities in the municipality of Batallas). A Principal Component Analysis, correlation analysis (Kendall) and inferential tests were carried out to identify key economic-productive indicators and establish their relationship with elements of access and food availability.
The results showed the influence of the amount of potato produced on the allocation to consumption and trade. It is shown that, the greater the quantity of potato produced, the greater the amount of potato consumed and the lower the expenditure on food, having a positive impact on the availability of self-produced food. Likewise, the greater the quantities of potatoes sold, the greater the income that would serve to satisfy the needs of acquiring other types of food (besides potatoes). However, investment in family labor in production and commercialization tasks does not improve profitability and therefore does not contribute to the availability or access of food. This study shows that trade-offs between elements of food security guide the logic of the producer family in terms of production, commercialization and consumption, it reveals the importance of performance, profitability and the central role played by the labor of the producer family and the responsible consumption of the actors in the chain, suggesting its potential to improve food security in a time of agri-food system transformation in Bolivia.
Downloads
References
Baer, B. (2017). Field report food accessibility in the Tapacarí province of Bolivia. Journal of International Development, 29(4), 1227-1232. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3305
Berti, P. R., Fallu, C., y Agudo, Y. C. (2014). A systematic review of the nutritional adequacy of the diet in the Central Andes. Pan American Journal of Public Health, 36(9), https://www.scielosp.org/article/rpsp/2014.v36n5/314-323/en/
Bilinsky, P., y Swindale, A. (2006). Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide VERSION 2. https://www.fantaproject.org/monitoring-and-evaluation/household-dietary-diversity-score.
Canaquil, F. y Morales, F. (2009). Conocimiento local en el cultivo de la papa. Fundación PROIMPA. https://www.proinpa.org/tic/pdf/Papa/Varios%20Papa/pdf20.pdf
Capone, R., Bilali, H. E., Debs, P., Cardone, G., y Driouech, N. (2014). Food Economic Accessibility and Affordability in the Mediterranean Region: an Exploratory Assessment at Micro and Macro Levels. Journal of Food Security, 2(1), 1-12. http://pubs.sciepub.com/jfs/2/1/1/
Chipana, F.M. (29 de noviembre de 2017). Una mirada a la nutrición y seguridad alimentaria en el altiplano boliviano. [CIPCA Notas]. https://cipca.org.bo/analisis-y-opinion/cipca-notas/una-mirada-a-la-nutricion-y-seguridad-alimentaria-en-el-altiplano-boliviano.
Choque, E., Espinoza, R., Cadima, X., Zeballos, J., y Gabriel, J. (2016). Resistencia a helada en germoplasma de papa nativa de Bolivia. Revista Latinoamericana De La Papa, 14(1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.37066/ralap.v14i1.141
Colque C. (2016). Análisis de la productividad agrícola del Altiplano norte del departamento de La Paz periodo 2000-2012 [Trabajo de fin de grado, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés]. https://repositorio.umsa.bo/xmlui/handle/123456789/6560
Devaux, A., Horton, D., Velasco, C., Thiele, G., López, G., Bernet, T., Reinoso, I. y Ordinola, M. (2009). Collective action for market chain innovation in the Andes. Food Policy 34(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.007
Ericksen, P. J. (2008). Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research. Global Environmental Change, 18(1), 234-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.09.002
Fan, S. y Pandya-Lorch, R. (eds.) (2012). Reshaping Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. International. Food Policy Research Institute IFPRI. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896296732
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2012). El estado de la inseguridad alimentaria en el mundo El crecimiento económico es necesario, pero no suficiente para acelerar la reducción del hambre y la malnutrición. https://www.fao.org/3/i2845s/i2845s00.pdf.
---------- (2015). Mapping the vulnerability of mountain peoples to food insecurity. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/mapping-vulnerability-mountain-peoples-food-insecurity.
Fundación Jubileo (2019). El valor de la canasta básica de alimentos para superar la línea de pobreza extrema urbana es de Bs 405 por persona. https://jubileobolivia.org.bo/Publicaciones/Desarrollo-Humano/El-valor-de-la-canasta-basica-de-alimentos-para-superar-la-linea--de-pobreza-extrema-urbana-es-de-Bs-405-por-persona
Fundación Tierra. (2019). La agricultura familiar campesina: una guía para comprender sus valores alimentarios, ecológicos y sociales. http://www.ftierra.org/index.php?option=com_mtree&task=att_download&link_id=190&cf_id=52
Gabriel, J., Botello R., Casazola J.L., Vera R., Rodríguez F., y Angulo A. (2014). Revalorización de las papas nativas de Bolivia (Solanum tuberosum L.) como fuente de hierro y zinc. Journal of the Selva Andina Research Society, 5(1), 3-12. http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2072-92942014000100002&lng=es&tlng=es.
Gonzáles de Olarte, E. (1994). En las fronteras del mercado: economía política del campesinado en el Perú. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. https://departamento.pucp.edu.pe/economia/libro/en-las-fronteras-del-mercado-economia-politica-del-campesinado-en-el-peru/.
García, M., Raes, D., Jacobsen, S. y Michel, T. (2007). Agroclimatic constraints for rainfed agriculture in the Bolivian Altiplano. Journal of Arid Environments, 71(1), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.02.005
Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de Batallas. (2015). Plan Territorial de Desarrollo Integral 2016 – -2020. http://autonomias.gobernacionlapaz.com/sim/municipioptdi.php?mn=9
Hoddinott, J. (ed). (2003). Métodos para proyectos de desarrollo rural. International Food Policy Research Institute. http://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/84724/filename/84725.pdf
Jiménez W. y Lizárraga, S. (2007). Pluriactividad e ingresos familiares en el área rural de Bolivia. Fundación ARU. https://cipca.org.bo/docs/publications/es/204_ingresosfamiliaresanualesdecampesinoseindigenasenboliviacipca.pdf
León, R. (2015). “Tell Me What You Eat and I ’ll Tell You Who You Are”. Changing Eating Habits in Cochabamba, Bolivia. IDS Bulletin, 46(6), 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-5436.12194.
Leroy, Jef L. Ruel, M., Edward A., Frongillo, Jody Harris, y Ballard, T. 2015. Measuring the food access dimension of food security: A critical review and mapping of indicators. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 36(2), 167-95.
Melgar-Quinonez H., Zubieta A., MkNelly B., Nteziyaremye A., D. Gerardo, M. y Dunford, C. (2006). Household Food Insecurity and Food Expenditure in Bolivia, Burkina Faso, and the Philippines, The Journal of Nutrition, 136(5), 1431–1437. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.5.1431S
Ministerio de Salud Bolivia (2014) Bases técnicas de las guías alimentarias para la población boliviana. Documentos técnico normativos N° 342. https://www.minsalud.gob.bo/images/Libros/DGPS/PDS/p342_bt_dgps_uan_BASES_TECNICAS_DE_LAS_GUIAS.pdf
Paye, E. y Jordán de Guzmán, M. (2015), Factores relacionados con la composición de la canasta básica de alimentos de las familias en la ciudad de La Paz, gestión 2012. Cuadernos Hospital de Clínicas, 56(2). http://www.scielo.org.bo/pdf/chc/v56n2/v56n2_a04.pdf
Pengue, W., Muller, D. y Sukhdev, P. (2018). Midiendo lo que importa en la agricultura y los sistemas alimentarios. Síntesis de los resultados y recomendaciones del Informe sobre los Fundamentos Científicos y Económicos de la iniciativa TEEB para la Agricultura y la Alimentación. ONU Medio Ambiente. http://teebweb.org/our-work/agrifood/reports/measuring-what-matters-synthesis/
Prudencio, J. (2017). El sistema agroalimentario en Bolivia y su impacto en la alimentación y nutrición (Análisis de situación 2005-2015). https://cebem.org/?p=2967.
Salazar, C. y Jiménez, E. (2018). Ingresos familiares anuales de campesinos e indígenas rurales en Bolivia. Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado (CIPCA). https://cipca.org.bo/publicaciones-e-investigaciones/cuadernos-de-investigacion/ingresos-familiares-anuales-de-campesinos-e-indigenas-rurales-en-bolivia.
Salazar, L., Aramburu, J., González-Flores, M. y Winters, P. (2016). Sowing for food security: A case study of smallholder farmers in Bolivia. Food Policy, 65, 32-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.10.003
Schut, M., Rodenburg, J., Klerkx, L., Kayeke, J., van Ast, A. y Bastiaans, L. (2015). RAAIS: Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems (Part II). Integrated analysis of parasitic weed problems in rice in Tanzania. Agricultural Systems, 132, 12-24.
Taboada, C., Cuiza, A., Pozo, O., Yucra, E. y Gilles, J. (2014). Economic structure of productive agricultural systems as a response to climate variability in the Bolivian Andes. Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales, 1(1), 16-29.
Terrazas F., Suárez V., Gardner, G., Thiele, G., Devaux, A. y Walker, T. (1998). Diagnosing Potato Productivity in Farmers` Fields in Bolivia. Social Science Departament Working Paper Nº 1998-5. International Potato Center Social Science.
The Economist Group (2018). Global Food Security Index 2018: Build resilience in the face of rising food-security risks. http://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/Country/Details#Germany
Vanek, S. J., Jones, A. D. y Drinkwater, L. E. (2016). Coupling of soil regeneration, food security, and nutrition outcomes in Andean subsistence agroecosystems. Food Security, 8, 727-742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0598-2
Villegas, W., Arriolla, M. y Huillca, S. (2015). Acabados del almacén de papa para categoría pre-básica (solanum tuberosum l.) en el invernadero de ccanabamba de la carrera profesional de Agronomía, Abancay. Tesis de grado, Universidad Tecnológica de los Andes. https://repositorio.utea.edu.pe/handle/utea/79
Zeballos, H., Balderrama, F., Condori, B. y Blajos, J. (2009). Economía de la papa (1998-2007). Fundación PROINPA.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Latin American Journal of Economic Development
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
